Curative cancer therapy remains a major challenge particularly in cancers displaying
multidrug resistance (MDR). The MDR phenotype is characterized by cross-resistance to a …

Chemotherapy remains a powerful tool to eliminate malignant cells. However, the efficacy of
chemotherapy is compromised by the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired …

Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic
metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic …

Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated process whereby non-coding sequences of pre-
mRNA are removed and protein-coding segments are assembled in diverse combinations …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent one of the largest and oldest families of
membrane proteins in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans, which couple the energy …

The presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignant tumors is one of the primary
causes of treatment failure in cancer chemotherapy. The overexpression of the ATP binding …

The efficacy of therapeutics is dependent on a drug binding to its cognate target.
Optimization of target engagement by drugs in cells is often challenging, because drug …

Drug resistance remains a leading cause of chemotherapeutic treatment failure and cancer-
related mortality. While some mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been well …

Folate receptors (FRα, FRβ and FRγ) are cysteine-rich cell-surface glycoproteins that bind
folate with high affinity to mediate cellular uptake of folate. Although expressed at very low …

The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as
well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical …