Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), coming from a wide range of sources, have multi-
directional differentiation ability. MSCs play vital roles in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis …

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's
declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental …

Emergent approaches in regenerative medicine look toward the use of extracellular vesicles
(EVs) as a next‐generation treatment strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process
associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main …

Tissue specificity, a key factor in the decellularized tissue matrix (DTM), has shown bioactive
functionalities in tuning cell fate—eg, the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Notably …

Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting all
individuals at least once in their lifetime. Such a condition is also becoming increasingly …

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively
researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There …

Chronic low back pain and dyskinesia caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are
seriously aggravated and become more prevalent with age. Current clinical treatments do …

Tissue engineering holds potential in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).
However, implantation of tissue engineered constructs may cause foreign body reaction and …

A limited number of tissues can spontaneously regenerate following injury, and even fewer
can regenerate to a state comparable to mature, healthy adult tissue. Mesenchymal stem …