Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components
of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests …

Several lines of evidence show that ocean warming off the east coast of Tasmania is the
result of intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC). Increases in the strength …

Grazing can alter the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, influencing ecosystem processes
and biodiversity. Our objective was to identify why grazing causes increases in the spatial …

Kelp forests dominate the rocky coasts of temperate Australia and are the foundation of the
Great Southern Reef. Much like terrestrial forests, these marine forests create complex …

An important principle of environmental science is that changes in single components of
systems are likely to have consequences elsewhere in the same systems. In the sea, food …

Removal of important predators by fishing can result in trophic cascades and indirect effects
on marine benthic communities. Indirect effects are especially evident when prey …

Global climate change is predicted to have major negative impacts on biodiversity,
particularly if important habitat-modifying species undergo range shifts. The sea urchin …

Foundation species define the ecosystems they live in, but ecologists have often
characterized dominant plants as foundational without supporting evidence. Giant kelp has …

Patterns of climate‐forced range shift in the marine environment are informed by
investigating the population dynamics of an ecologically important sea urchin …

Ecklonia radiata is one of the most widespread kelps globally, dominating temperate reefs
throughout much of Australasia and southeastern Africa. Throughout much of its range, it is …