The biofilm is a bacterial colony wrapped in an auto-produced polymer matrix of
polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Bacterial biofilms cause persistent infections because …

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections
and represents a significant burden on the healthcare system. S. aureus attachment to …

Biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures formed at interfaces by the vast majority
of bacteria and fungi. These robust communities have an important detrimental impact on a …

Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells.
Furthermore, with variations in the concentration of antibiotics throughout a biofilm, microbial …

Biofilm-associated infections pose a complex problem to the medical community, in that
residence within the protection of a biofilm affords pathogens greatly increased tolerances to …

Bacterial biofilms represent a major concern at a worldwide level due to the high demand for
implantable medical devices and the rising numbers of bacterial resistance. The complex …

Bacterial biofilms, which consist of three-dimensional extracellular polymeric substance
(EPS), not only function as signaling networks, provide nutritional support, and facilitate …

Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a
self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other …

Highlights•At least three types of “escapes” or ways for bacteria to leave the biofilm are
known.•Types of escapes are referred to as desorption, detachment, and …

Microbial biofilms, which are elaborate and highly resistant microbial aggregates formed on
surfaces or medical devices, cause two-thirds of infections and constitute a serious threat to …