The nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) is emerging as a model for evolutionary
biology, genetic, and behavioral research in the wake of its better‐known relative, the three …

Compared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically
intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes …

Detection of footprints of historical natural selection on quantitative traits in cross-sectional
data sets is challenging, especially when the number of populations to be compared is small …

The evolution of striking phenotypes on islands is a well‐known phenomenon, and there
has been a long‐standing debate on the patterns of body size evolution on islands. The …

Variation in age and size of mature nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) within and
among 16 Fennoscandian populations were assessed using skeletochronology. The …

Compensatory growth (CG) may be an adaptive mechanism that helps to restore an
organisms' growth trajectory and adult size from deviations caused by early life resource …

Abstract Theory predicts that the sex making greater investments into reproductive
behaviours demands higher cognitive ability, and as a consequence, larger brains or brain …

The genetic architecture of behavioral traits is yet relatively poorly understood in most non-
model organisms. Using an F 2-intercross (n= 283 offspring) between behaviorally divergent …

The evolutionary significance of individual consistency in a given behaviour–called animal
personality–has been subject to a lot of recent research. However, the genetic …

Trade-offs among growth, mortality, and reproduction form the basis of life history theory but
may vary among populations owing to local ecological conditions. We examined life history …