A biomarker is any measurable biological moiety that can be assessed and measured as a
potential index of either normal or abnormal pathophysiology or pharmacological responses …

Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus are the first inhabitants of the oral cavity,
which can be acquired right after birth and thus play an important role in the assembly of the …

Wearable technologies for personalized monitoring require sensors that track biomarkers
often present at low levels. Cortisol—a key stress biomarker—is present in sweat at low …

Human oral cavity harbors the second most abundant microbiota after the gastrointestinal
tract. The expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD) that was last updated on …

Digital health facilitated by wearable/portable electronics and big data analytics holds great
potential in empowering patients with real‐time diagnostics tools and information. The …

Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health
and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of …

Biomarkers are crucial biological indicators in medical diagnostics and therapy. However,
the process of biomarker discovery and validation is hindered by a lack of standardized …

pH-sensing materials and configurations are rapidly evolving toward exciting new
applications, especially those in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight rapid …

Buccal swabs and saliva are the two most common oral sampling methods used for medical
research. Often, these samples are used interchangeably, despite previous evidence that …

Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings,
it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and …