Networks of optical clocks find applications in precise navigation,, in efforts to redefine the
fundamental unit of the 'second',,–and in gravitational tests. As the frequency instability for …

Two decades after its invention, the classic self-referenced frequency comb laser is an
unrivalled ruler for frequency, time and distance metrology owing to the rigid spacing of its …

The combination of optical time transfer and optical clocks opens up the possibility of large-
scale free-space networks that connect both ground-based optical clocks and future space …

Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the Système International (SI) second, thanks to
stability and accuracy more than 100 times better than the current microwave atomic clock …

Recent advances in optical atomic clocks and optical time transfer have enabled new
possibilities in precision metrology for both tests of fundamental physics and timing …

Timescale comparison between optical atomic clocks over ground-to-space and terrestrial
free-space laser links will have enormous benefits for fundamental and applied sciences …

The large-scale clock network is the key ingredient to obtain high precision in many
scenarios, from fundamental research to cutting-edge applications. The advantage of the …

Future optical clock networks will require free-space optical time-frequency transfer between
flying clocks. However, simple one-way or standard two-way time transfer between flying …

Microwave-based satellite–ground links are used to transfer time and frequency in various
applications such as metrology, navigation, positioning, and very long baseline …

Distributed antenna arrays have been proposed for many applications ranging from space-
based observatories to automated vehicles. Achieving good performance in distributed …