Choline is an essential nutrient, but is also formed by de novo synthesis. Choline and its
derivatives serve as components of structural lipoproteins, blood and membrane lipids, and …

There are still debates on whether the hydration of ions perturbs the water structure, and
what is the degree of such disturbance; therefore, the origin of the Hofmeister effect on …

Betaine is an essential osmolyte and source of methyl groups and comes from either the diet
or by the oxidation of choline. Its metabolism methylates homocysteine to methionine, also …

1. INTRODUCTION The ability of amino acids to form a three-dimensional (3D) protein
structure is significantly interesting because it combines the aspects of biophysical …

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya can adapt to Saline environments by accumulating
compatible solutes in order to maintain an osmotic equilibrium. Compatible solutes are of …

In view the of wide scope of structural information of biomolecules in biocompatible ionic
liquids (ILs) in various applications including chemical and biochemical, it is essential to …

Since the introduction of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), numerous reports have surfaced
describing its tunable properties and environmentally benign nature. Due to such favorable …

Understanding the behavior of Hofmeister anions of ionic liquids (ILs) on protein stability
helps to shed light on how the anions interact with proteins in aqueous solution and is a long …

Antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), have a pivotal role as biopharmaceuticals
capable of treating a wide variety of diseases. However, IgG is a protein, hence, it can easily …

Enzymes are very sensitive and highly complex systems, exhibiting a substantial degree of
structural variability in their folded state. In the presence of cosolvents, the fluctuations …