Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that mediates degradation of pernicious
or dysfunctional cellular components, such as invasive pathogens, senescent proteins, and …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

Infected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Native bone tissue
possesses an endogenous electroactive interface that induces stem cell differentiation and …

Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective
tissue caused by mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene encoding a large glycoprotein in …

During sepsis, the importance of alterations in cell metabolism is underappreciated. The
cellular metabolism, which has a variable metabolic profile in different cells and disease …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer metastasis in which cancer cells
manipulate their metabolic profile to meet the dynamic energetic requirements of the tumor …

Ageing is a multifactorial biological process leading to a progressive decline of physiological
functions. The process of ageing includes numerous changes in the cells and the …

Organelles are functional areas where eukaryotic cells perform processes necessary for life.
Each organelle performs specific functions; however, highly coordinated crosstalk occurs …

Cancer cells have an abnormally high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which is
associated with enhanced invasive properties in vitro and increased metastases in vivo. The …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is distinct from other neurological disorders because it is
induced by a discrete event that applies extreme mechanical forces to the brain. This review …