Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with
some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current …

Advances in areas that include genomics, systems biology, protein structure determination
and artificial intelligence provide new opportunities for target-based antibacterial drug …

The importance of the cell wall to the viability of the bacterium is underscored by the breadth
of antibiotic structures that act by blocking key enzymes that are tasked with cell-wall …

Background Multidrug resistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment for
patients with gastric cancer (GC). Recently, glycosylation has been demonstrated to play a …

The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria—whether assessed by shape, food,
metabolism, or ecological niche—surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 are the
major players in drug efflux-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely affects the …

The historically important phage ΦX174 kills its host bacteria by encoding a 91-residue
protein antibiotic called protein E. Using single-particle electron cryo–microscopy, we …

Biomarkers are detectable molecules that can reflect specific physiological states of cells,
organs, and organisms and therefore be regarded as indicators for specific diseases. And …

N-linked glycosylation is a predominant post-translational modification of protein in
eukaryotes, and its dysregulation is the etiology of several human disorders. The enzyme …

Staphylococcus aureus causes various life-threatening diseases in humans and developed
resistance to several antibiotics. Lipophilic membrane (LLM) protein regulates bacterial lysis …