Different sexes and genders experience differentiated risks of acquiring infections, including
drug-resistant infections, and of becoming ill. Different genders also have different health …

Fecal-oral pathogens are transmitted through complex, environmentally mediated pathways.
Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from the environment may reduce …

Rural and peri-urban communities in develo** countries rely on sanitation systems which
are often unsafely managed. One of the major barriers to assess safely managed sanitation …

Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for
human livelihood, survival, and well‐being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a critical …

Sanitation improvements have had limited effectiveness in reducing the spread of fecal
pathogens into the environment. We conducted environmental measurements within a …

Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of death in children under the
age of 5. Access to and use of improved water and sanitation services is associated with …

Child feces are an important source of fecal exposure in household environments. Typically,
one of two behaviors is necessary to mitigate this risk: either caregivers dispose of their …

Safe fecal sludge management (FSM)–the hygienic emptying, transport, and treatment for
reuse or disposal of fecal sludge–is an essential part of safely managed sanitation …

Background Over the years, sanitation programs over the world have focused more on
household sanitation, with limited attention towards the disposal of children's stools. This …

Introduction Children's feces are thought to pose a greater public health risk than those of
adults' due to higher concentrations of pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the …