Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout
the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer …

The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure
dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Norepinephrine (NE) is an essential biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter. The first-
generation NE sensor makes in vivo, real-time, cell-type-specific and region-specific NE …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …

Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by
ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G …

Maintaining healthy body weight is increasingly difficult in our obesogenic environment.
Dieting efforts are often overpowered by the internal drive to consume energy-dense foods …

Optical imaging has revolutionized our ability to monitor brain activity, spanning spatial
scales from synapses to cells to circuits. Here, we summarize the rapid development and …