Various mathematical approaches undertaken to model all stages of droplet freezing are
reviewed. The literature is rife with theoretical, experimental, and numerical treatments of the …

Droplet solidification has received much attention over the last two decades due its
relevance in natural processes as well as engineering applications. Study of droplet …

Tunable optical devices are of great interest as they offer adjustability to their functions.
Temporal optics is a fast-evolving field, which may be useful both for revolutionizing basic …

The objective of this study is to prepare a highly adjustable ester phase change material
(PCM) and further optimize its cold storage properties using a simple and controllable …

We present a multi-scale solidification framework for pure substances using laboratory
experiments and mathematical modeling. The multi-scale phenomena of solidification are …

For the subcooling method ice slurry generator, the characteristics of ice slurry during
subcooling release have a significant impact on the efficiency and stability of the system. An …

The Stefan problem (whether in its classical form or not) has assumed that the interface
moves instantaneously with time as a prescribed initial condition. This assumption is valid in …

The importance of develo** spray freeze-drying technology for extending the shelf life of
biological and pharmaceutical materials has never been greater, given the increasing food …

Nanofluid ice slurry has shown promising potential due to superior heat transfer and lower
supercooling degree. The stability of the nanofluid ice slurry is of paramount importance to …

Decreasing the freezing time of the cold storage heat exchanger was an effective way to
reduce the risk of cold chain breakage and the fluctuation of cold chain temperature. A …