SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Background The increasing global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is linked to human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods We reviewed data from notifications of TB …

Summary Background The Xpert MTB/RIF test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) can detect
tuberculosis and its multidrug-resistant form with very high sensitivity and specificity in …

Background Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing …

With an estimated 9.4 million new cases globally, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major
public health concern. Eighty percent of all cases worldwide occur in 22 high-burden, mainly …

Background HIV-associated tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose and results in high mortality.
Frequent extra-pulmonary presentation, inability to obtain sputum, and paucibacillary …

Background The epidemics of HIV-1 and tuberculosis in South Africa are closely related.
High mortality rates in co-infected patients have improved with antiretroviral therapy, but …

Background The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection with tuberculosis
and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The optimal timing for the initiation of …

Initiatives to address the unmet needs of those facing both poverty and serious illness have
expanded significantly over the past decade. But many of them are designed in an ad-hoc …

The HIV epidemic has led to large increases in the frequency of smear-negative pulmonary
tuberculosis, which has poor treatment outcomes and excessive early mortality compared …