Microbial consortia have been used in biotechnology processes, including fermentation,
waste treatment, and agriculture, for millennia. Today, synthetic biologists are increasingly …

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are broadly distributed among living organisms and
play crucial roles in natural product biosynthesis, degradation of xenobiotics, steroid …

Terpenoids comprise tens of thousands of small molecule natural products that are widely
distributed across all domains of life. Plants produce by far the largest array of terpenoids …

Covering: 2011–2022 The low amounts of terpenoids produced in plants and the difficulty in
synthesizing these complex structures have stimulated the production of terpenoid …

Metabolic engineering of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae to produce high-value natural metabolites is often done through functional …

Tanshinones are the bioactive nor-diterpenoid constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). These groups of chemicals have the characteristic furan D …

In plant terpene biosynthesis, oxidation of the hydrocarbon backbone produced by terpene
synthases is typically carried out by cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYPs). The …

Thymol and carvacrol are phenolic monoterpenes found in thyme, oregano, and several
other species of the Lamiaceae. Long valued for their smell and taste, these substances also …

Carnosic acid (salvin), which possesses antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, is
increasingly exploited within the food, nutritional health and cosmetics industries. Since its …

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, and its
dried roots have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine with hydrophilic phenolic …