There is a growing demand for advancing products and renewable technologies worldwide
that rely on rare earth elements (REEs), including those directly necessary for a low-carbon …

The transition to low-carbon economies, advancements in high-tech and rapid uptake of
electronic equipment will see increased demand over the coming decades for so-called …

The quest for green growth through the sustainable use of natural resources (NRs) and
innovation in information and communication technologies (IICTs) has gained the utmost …

The concept of the 4th industrial revolution is becoming a strategic determinant of
sustainability, success and competitiveness in the modern mining sector. The importance of …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are important high-tech materials with widespread industrial
applications and a high risk of supply disruption. Current physico-chemical methods for REE …

Develo** efficient methods for deep desulphurization of commercial fuel is of utmost
importance due to the environmental impact of sulphur and stringent government …

Most investigators regard CuFeS 2 as having the formal oxidation states of Cu+ Fe 3+(S 2−)
2. However, the spectroscopic characterisation of chalcopyrite is clearly influenced by the …

Heap leaching is a well-established extractive metallurgical technology enabling the
economical processing of various kinds of low-grade ores, which could not otherwise be …

Bioleaching has been successfully used in commercial metal mining for decades. It uses
microbes to biosolubilize metal-containing inorganic compounds such as metal oxides and …

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) is the most abundant copper-containing resource in the earth and is
also widely distributed in solid wastes and secondary resources. Biohydrometallurgy …