1. INTRODUCTION Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have increasingly
received worldwide attention because of their potential application in transportation and in …

Technologically advanced human societies require specialized tools and equipment to
enable their diverse and mobile activities. Portable electronic devices like laptop, PDA …

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising
technology for clean and efficient power generation in the twenty-first century. Proton …

The scientific community is focused on the development of inexpensive and high-performing
membrane materials for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). The major …

Over the past three decades, intensive research activities have focused on the development
of electrochemical energy storage devices, particularly exploiting the concept of flow …

Recently, increasing research attention has been devoted to protic ionic liquids (ILs)
because of their versatile properties. Protic ILs are ideal electrolytes for proton exchange …

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising means for the
generation of power in the 21st century because of their high efficiency compared to the coal …

Proton-conducting mixed matrix membranes (PC-MMMs) have received considerable
interest as promising materials that combine the properties of, and create synergism from …

The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the
proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are …

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with excellent proton conductivity, high mechanical
strength, and low methanol permeability are essential for their application in direct methanol …