Liver and kidney failure can lead to extensive accumulation of toxic metabolites in the blood
and tissues, such as bilirubin, blood ammonia, endotoxins, cytokines, creatinine, uric acid …

Hemodialysis considered as therapy of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for the separation
of protein and uremic toxins based on their molecular weights using semi-permeable …

This paper provides an overview of recent advances in urea electro-oxidation. Urea sources
are abundant from human urine, urea-containing wastewater, and industrial urea, thus …

Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are very popular as a thermoplastic source used in the 3D
printing field by the “Fused Deposition Modeling” method in the last decade. The PLA market …

The use of membranes for separation and purification applications is growing significantly.
Most membrane fabrication materials are harmful to the environment. For this purpose …

The abundance of urea in the natural environment is dictated by the fact that it is one of the
major products of mammalian protein metabolism. Due to the extensive use of urea in many …

Polylactic acid is a polyester polymer, which is recyclable and renewable as well. Membrane
made of polylactic acid is acquiring attention nowadays due to its superior properties and …