In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to
variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this …

Fish have proven to be model organisms for the study of animal personalities, and a rich
literature documents consistent interindividual behavioral differences in a variety of species …

Animals often exhibit consistent-individual differences (CIDs) in boldness/fearfulness,
typically studied in the context of predation risk. We focus here on fear generalization, where …

To date, most studies investigating the relationship between personality traits and fitness
have focused on a single measure of fitness (such as survival) at a specific life stage …

Behavioural individuality is a hallmark of animal life, with major consequences for fitness,
ecology, and evolution. One of the most widely invoked explanations for this variation is that …

Resolving phenotype variation within a population in response to environmental
perturbation is central to understanding biological adaptation. Relating meaningful adaptive …

Males often express traits that improve competitive ability, such as aggressiveness. Females
also express such traits but our understanding about why is limited. Intraspecific aggression …

Highlights•Behavioural syndromes were inconsistent between subpopulations and years in
sharks.•The subpopulation with the most predators displayed stronger behavioural …

Reactive individuals explore and make decisions more slowly than proactive individuals,
paying more attention to external cues. Reactive personality types are therefore predicted to …

Behaviours are often correlated within broader syndromes, creating the potential for
evolution in one behaviour to drive evolutionary changes in other behaviours. Despite …