Animals can instantly exhibit versatile behaviors in response to their circumstances to
survive in harsh natural environments. For example, many animals chase prey, escape from …

Skeletal muscle regenerates through the activation of resident stem cells. Termed satellite
cells, these normally quiescent cells are induced to proliferate by wound-derived signals …

The rapid progress in medicine, agriculture, and allied sciences has enabled the
development of a large amount of potentially useful bioactive compounds, such as drugs …

The origin of tetrapods and the transition from swimming to walking was a pivotal step in the
evolution and diversification of terrestrial vertebrates. During this time, modifications of the …

INTRODUCTION Mammalian skeletal muscle harbors tissue-specific stem cells that are
triggered to replace damaged fibers after injury. Genetic ablation of satellite cells in the …

The vertebrate mineralized skeleton is known to have first emerged as an exoskeleton that
extensively covered the fossil jawless fish. The evolutionary origin of this exoskeleton has …

The CRISPR-Cas9 and related systems offer a unique genome-editing tool allowing facile
and efficient introduction of heritable and locus-specific sequence modifications in the …

Precise genome editing is limited by the inefficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR)
compared to the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) of double strand breaks (DSBs). The …

For more than two centuries, the idea that the forelimb and hindlimb are serially homologous
structures has been accepted without serious question. This study presents the first detailed …

Chordates comprise lampreys, hagfishes, jawed fishes, and tetrapods, plus a variety of more
unfamiliar and crucially important non-vertebrate animal lineages, such as lancelets and sea …