The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas
content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice …

The tundra is the coldest biome described in typical geography and biology textbooks.
Within the cryosphere, there are large expanses of ice in the Antarctic, Arctic and alpine …

Cryoconite is granular sediment found on glacier surfaces comprising both mineral and
biological material. Despite long having been recognised as an important glaciological and …

Glacier ecosystems are teeming with life on, beneath, and to a lesser degree, within their icy
masses. This conclusion largely stems from polar research, with less attention paid to …

We have assessed the microbial ecology on the surface of Mittivakkat glacier in SE-
Greenland during the exceptional high melting season in July 2012 when the so far most …

Biological nitrogen fixation represents the largest natural flux of new nitrogen (N) into
terrestrial ecosystems, providing a critical N source to support net primary productivity of …

Roughly 10% of the Earth's surface is permanently covered by glaciers and ice sheets and
in mountain ecosystems, this proportion of ice cover is often even higher. From an ecological …

The global cryosphere, Earth's frozen water, is in precipitous decline. The ongoing and
predicted impacts of cryosphere loss are diverse, ranging from disappearance of entire …

Cryoconite is a microbe–mineral aggregate which darkens the ice surface of glaciers.
Microbial process and marker gene PCR-dependent measurements reveal active and …