Bipolar disorder is a recurrent chronic disorder characterised by fluctuations in mood state
and energy. It affects more than 1% of the world's population irrespective of nationality …

The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

The inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia (SZ) posits that inflammatory processes and
neural–immune interactions are involved in its pathogenesis, and may underpin some of its …

Background The neurotrophic hypothesis postulates that mood disorders such as bipolar
disorder (BD) are associated with a lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor …

Objectives Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous growth in research
regarding bipolar disorder (BD) among children and adolescents (ie, pediatric BD [PBD]) …

Despite its debilitating symptoms, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains
unclear. One consistently compelling finding, however, has been the presence of oxidative …

It has been postulated that schizophrenia (SZ) is related to a lower expression of brain-
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the past few years, an increasing number of divergent …

Objective An association between endometriosis and psychiatric disturbances has been
identified by some researchers. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate …

Introduction Bipolar disorder is an often disabling mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of
1%–2%, a high risk of recurrence of manic and depressive episodes, a lifelong elevated risk …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disorder with a range of presentations. BD is defined by
the presentation of symptoms of mania or depression, with classification dependent on …