Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

Molecular photoswitches reversibly convert the energy of light into a variety of structural
changes at the molecular level. They can be integrated into smart materials with broad …

The use of optogenetic stimulation to evoke neuronal activity in targeted neural populations—
enabled by opsins with fast kinetics, high sensitivity and cell-type and subcellular specificity …

Understanding brain function remains challenging as work with human and animal models
is complicated by compensatory mechanisms, while in vitro models have been too simple …

Human neuroimaging has demonstrated the existence of large-scale functional networks in
the cerebral cortex consisting of topographically distant brain regions with functionally …

Evolutionarily, olfaction is one of the oldest senses and pivotal for an individual's health and
survival. The olfactory bulb (OB), as the first olfactory relay station in the brain, is known to …

Social status is recognized as a major determinant of social behavior and health among
animals; however, the neural circuits supporting the formation and navigation of social …

Plethora of research has shed light on the critical role of synaptic dysfunction in various
neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's …

The primary motor cortex (M1) is known to be a critical site for movement initiation and motor
learning. Surprisingly, it has also been shown to possess reward-related activity …

Combining human brain organoids holds great potential in recapitulating the human brain's
histological features and modeling neural disorders. However, current combined-brain …