Wound refers to the place where human body is injured and ruptured. So, wounds in a
broad sense include not only skin wounds, but also damages of muscle, corneal, heart, and …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common degenerative disease of the
musculoskeletal system that develops with age. It is regarded as the main cause of chronic …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and herniation often necessitate surgical interventions
including a discectomy with or without a nucleotomy, which results in a loss of the normal …

Low back pain is a vital musculoskeletal disease that impairs life quality, leads to disability
and imposes heavy economic burden on the society, while it is greatly attributed to …

Tissue engineering has promising applications in the treatment of intervertebral disc
degeneration (IDD). The annulus fibrosus (AF) is critical for maintaining the physiological …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is a leading cause of disability and lower back pain,
causing enormous socioeconomic burdens. The standard of care for disc herniation is …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological basis of disc degenerative
diseases (DDD). Reduction in the number of cells and degeneration of the extracellular …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a load-bearing, avascular tissue that cushions pressure and
increases flexibility in the spine. Under the influence of obesity, injury, and reduced nutrient …

Chemonucleolysis has become an established method of producing whole organ culture
models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the field needs more side-by …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffolds offer promising perspectives for annulus
fibrosus (AF) repair. The repair effect was linked to features of the local mechanical …