Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are
attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect millions of people around the world. Great efforts …

An increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes released from various cells
can serve as mediators of information exchange between different cells. With further …

Modern methods of molecular diagnostics and therapy have revolutionized the field of
medicine in recent years by providing more precise and effective tools for detecting and …

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of tuberculosis (TB), causing
high mortality or disability. Clinical management of the disease is challenging due to …

Ensuring the general efficacy and benefit for human beings from medical Large Language
Models (LLM) before real-world deployment is crucial. However, a widely accepted and …

The human transcriptome predominantly consists of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcripts
that do not encode proteins. The noncoding transcriptome governs a multitude of …

Non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of the immune response to infection.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate host defense mechanisms …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint
inflammation, with synovial fibroblasts (SFs) playing a pivotal role in its pathogenesis …

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lethal infectious
diseases with estimates of approximately 1.4 million human deaths in 2018. M. tuberculosis …