Nematodes are abundant and diverse, and include many parasitic species. Molecular
phylogenetic analyses have shown that parasitism of plants and animals has arisen at least …

Horizontal gene transfer is increasingly described between bacteria and animals. Such
transfers that are vertically inherited have the potential to influence the evolution of animals …

Throughout the natural world, organisms have responded to predators, inadequate
resources, or inclement conditions by forming ongoing mutually beneficial partnerships--or …

Complete genome DNA sequence and analysis is presented for Wolbachia, the obligate
alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont required for fertility and survival of the human filarial …

Filarial nematodes are important helminth parasites of the tropics and a leading cause of
global disability. They include species responsible for onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis …

Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature despite the widely held view that they are unstable
interactions. Models predict that mutualists might often evolve into parasites, can abandon …

Microbial interactions are an underappreciated force in sha** insect microbiome
communities. Although pairwise patterns of symbiont interactions have been identified, we …

Current phylogenies of the intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Wolbachia identify
six major clades (A–F), termed 'supergroups', but the branching order of these supergroups …

Background We compared here the suitability and efficacy of traditional morphological
approach and DNA barcoding to distinguish filarioid nematodes species (Nematoda …

Dirofilarioses are widespread diseases caused by filarioid nematodes (superfamily
Filarioidea) of the genus Dirofilaria, which are transmitted by a plethora of mosquito species …