Object The development of endoscopic endonasal approaches, albeit in the early stages,
represents part of the continuous evolution of skull base surgery. During this early period, it …

Introduction Since the early use of the endoscopic view for treating simple intrasellar
pituitary adenomas, the skull base surgery has experienced an unprecedented revolution …

BACKGROUND: Gross total resection (GTR) of cranial base chordomas represents a
surgical challenge because of the location, invasiveness, and tumor extension. In the past …

OBJECTIVE The transsphenoidal approach has been extended in recent years from tumors
of the sellar region to lesions involving other areas bordering the sphenoid sinus including …

OBJECTIVE: Cranial base chordomas are difficult lesions to treat. The endoscopic
endonasal approach (EEA) takes advantage of the natural sinus corridor and may provide a …

BACKGROUND: Injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic endonasal skull
base surgery is a feared complication that is not well studied or reported. OBJECTIVE: To …

Background: Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral skull base are categorized
based on their orientation in coronal and sagittal planes. For all of these approaches, the …

OBJECTIVE: Tumors within Meckel's cave are challenging and often require complex
approaches. In this report, an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach is reported as a …

BACKGROUND: Injuring the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a feared complication of
endoscopic endonasal approaches. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a comprehensive ICA …

Object In this paper the authors' goal was to present their clinical experience with lesions of
the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, lateral sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus …