The air quality in the subway metro indoor microenvironment has been of particular public
concern. With specific reference to the growing demand of green transportation and …

The aim of this study was to review and summarise the levels of particulate air pollution, its
elemental composition, its determinants, and its potential health effects in metro systems. A …

The 21st century has been a period characterized by the rapid development and utilization
of underground space together with urbanization. Shenzhen is the model city of rapid …

Sampling campaigns using the same equipment and methodology were conducted to
assess and compare the air quality at three South European subway systems (Barcelona …

Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) and particle number concentrations were monitored in the
Helsinki subway system during a two-weeks' measurement campaign in March 2004. The …

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between airborne particles and a wide
range of adverse health effects. The mechanisms behind these effects include oxidative …

The Barcelona subway system comprises eight subway lines, at different depths, with
different tunnel dimensions, station designs and train frequencies. An extensive …

Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) have been found in a number of
worldwide underground transit systems, with major implications regarding exposure of …

From an environmental perspective, the underground metro system is one of the cleanest
forms of public transportation in urban agglomerations. Current studies report contradicting …

Aims: To assess hazards associated with exposure to dust in the London Underground
railway and to provide an informed opinion on the risks to workers and the travelling public …