Several experimental evidences and field data documented that zooplankton may alter its
behavioral response in the presence of toxic phytoplankton, reducing its consumption to the …

Mitigating traffic jams is a critical step for the betterment of the urban transportation system,
which comprises a large number of interconnected routes to form an intricate network. To …

Near a tip** point, a critical transition occurs when small changes in input conditions lead
to abrupt, often irreversible shifts in a dynamical system's state. This phenomenon is …

Plankton play an indispensable role in the biogeochemical processes of marine ecosystem.
However, unraveling the intricate interactions among biodiversity, trophic linkages, and …

This paper is the first to propose an allelopathic phytoplankton competition ODE model
influenced by the fear effect based on natural biological phenomena. It is shown that the …

The increasing flow of environmental poisonous substances into aquatic systems elevates
considerable concerns about their impact on natural aquatic environments. Among aquatic …

In this study, we examine a deterministic model incorporating refuge, additional food
sources, and toxins. The existence and stability of positive equilibria and the bifurcation …

Exploration of the plankton dynamics encompasses various interests, from understanding
ecological cycles to develo** sustainable strategies in aquaculture research. Successfully …