Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by
self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and …

Biofilms are clusters of bacteria that live in association with surfaces. Their main
characteristic is that the bacteria inside the biofilms are attached to other bacterial cells and …

Bacteria are under constant attack from bacteriophages (phages), bacterial parasites that
are the most abundant biological entity on earth. To resist phage infection, bacteria have …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives microbial adaptation but is often under the control of
mobile genetic elements (MGEs) whose interests are not necessarily aligned with those of …

Bacteriophages are obligate parasites of bacteria characterized by the breadth of hosts that
they can infect. This “host range” depends on the genotypes and morphologies of the phage …

Bacteriophages (phages) are selective viral predators of bacteria. Abundant and ubiquitous
in nature, phages can be used to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy), including …

Attachment of microorganisms to food contact surfaces and the subsequent formation of
biofilms may cause equipment damage, food spoilage and even diseases. Mixed-species …

Lysogens are common at high bacterial densities, an observation that contrasts with the
prevailing view of lysogeny as a low‐density refugium strategy. Here, we review the …

Numerous ecological interactions among microbes—for example, competition for space and
resources, or interaction among phages and their bacterial hosts—are likely to occur …

Bacteriophages and bacterial biofilms are widely present in natural environments, a fact that
has accelerated the evolution of phages and their bacterial hosts in these particular niches …