The ability to produce polysaccharides with diverse biological functions is widespread in
bacteria. In lactic acid bacteria (LAB), production of polysaccharides has long been …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), initially categorized as toxic by-products of aerobic
metabolism, have often been called a double-edged sword. ROS are considered …

The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of
a broad range of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Yet their role in governing similar systems …

Machine learning that generates biological hypotheses has transformative potential, but
most learning algorithms are susceptible to pathological failure when exploring regimes …

Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins was discovered in 1979, but this posttranslational
modification had been “invented” by evolution more than a billion years ago in single-celled …

Bacterial signal transduction systems are responsible for sensing environmental cues and
adjusting the cellular behaviour and/or metabolism in response to these cues. They also …

Bacteria possess a repertoire of versatile protein kinases modulating diverse aspects of their
physiology by phosphorylating proteins on various amino acids including histidine, cysteine …

Protein modifications not only affect protein homeostasis but can also establish new cellular
protein functions and are important components of complex cellular signal sensing and …

Cellular Signal Processing offers a unifying view of cell signaling based on the concept that
protein interactions act as sophisticated data processing networks that govern intracellular …

The Gram-positive cell wall consists of peptidoglycan functionalized with anionic
glycopolymers, such as wall teichoic acid and capsular polysaccharide (CP). How the …