Cognitive and linguistic theories of counterfactual language comprehension assume that
counterfactuals convey a dual meaning. Subjunctive‐counterfactual conditionals (eg,'If Tom …

Common to all models of reading comprehension is the assumption that a reader's level of
comprehension is heavily influenced by their standards of coherence (van den Broek …

Speculative thinking refers to thinking about past or future possibilities; it includes
counterfactual thinking, prefactual thinking, and other types. In this narrative review, we …

Current pre-trained language models have enabled remarkable improvements in
downstream tasks, but it remains difficult to distinguish effects of statistical correlation from …

The goal of this chapter is to build on previous models of discourse comprehension that
break reading into two components: activation and integration. We describe a new model of …

Two eye-tracking experiments compared affirmative and negative counterfactuals,“if she had
(not) arrived early, she would (not) have bought roses” and affirmative and negative causal …

Counterfactual thinking is ubiquitous in everyday life and an important aspect of cognition
and emotion. Although counterfactual thought has been argued to differ from processing …

People can establish whether a sentence is hypothetically true even if what it describes can
never be literally true given the laws of the natural world. Two event-related potential (ERP) …

How does knowledge of real-world events shape our understanding of incoming language?
Do temporal terms like “before” and “after” impact the online recruitment of real-world event …

Behavioral studies indicate that theory of mind and counterfactual reasoning are strongly
related cognitive processes. In a neuroimaging study, we explored the common and distinct …