The solar cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise
and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity …

This paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a
hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models …

We use a flux transport model to simulate the evolution of the Sun's total and open magnetic
flux over the last 26 solar cycles (1713-1996). Polar field reversals are maintained by …

The past few decades have seen dramatic progress in our understanding of solar interior
dynamics, prompted by the relatively new science of helioseismology and increasingly …

We construct a solar cycle strength prediction tool by modifying a calibrated flux‐transport
dynamo model, and make predictions of the amplitude of upcoming solar cycle 24. We …

Solar meridional circulation is an axisymmetric flow system, extending from the equator to
the poles (∼ 20 m/s at the surface,≈ 1% of the mean solar rotation rate), plunging inwards …

The observational absence of giant convection cells near the Sun's outer surface is a long-
standing conundrum for solar modelers. We herein propose an explanation. Rotation …

Magnetism is one of the most pervasive features of the Universe, with planets, stars and
entire galaxies all having associated magnetic fields. All of these fields are generated by the …

We explore a two-dimensional kinematic solar dynamo model in a full sphere, based on the
helioseismically determined solar rotation profile and with an α effect concentrated near the …

The Sun's polar fields are currently∼ 40% weaker than they were during the previous three
sunspot minima. This weakening has been accompanied by a corresponding decrease in …