This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle
and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon …

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in
theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a …

Detector and event visualization are essential parts of the software used in high-energy
physics (HEP) experiments. Modern visualization techniques and multimedia production …

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured
J/ψ production for rapidities-2.2< y< 2.2 in Au+ Au collisions at s NN= 200 GeV. The J/ψ …

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum distributions and yields for π±, K±, p,
and p¯ in Au+ Au collisions at s NN= 200 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX …

The anisotropy parameter (v 2), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution,
has been measured with the PHENIX detector in A u+ A u collisions at s NN= 200 G e V for …

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured
electrons with 0.3< p T< 9 GeV/c at midrapidity (| y|< 0.35) from heavy-flavor (charm and …

Quark-Gluon Plasma introduces the primordial matter, composed of two types of elementary
particles, created at the time of the Big Bang. During the evolution of the universe, Quark …

Flow coefficients vn for n= 2, 3, 4, characterizing the anisotropic collective flow in Au+ Au
collisions at s NN= 200 GeV, are measured relative to event planes Ψ n, determined at large …

The production of e+ e-pairs for me+ e-< 0.3 GeV/c 2 and 1< p T< 5 GeV/c is measured in p+
p and Au+ Au collisions at s NN= 200 GeV. An enhanced yield above hadronic sources is …