Water use efficiency (WUE) is defined as the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass or
grain produced per unit of water used by the crop. One of the primary questions being asked …

Highlights•The last 27 years of FACE (free-air CO 2 enrichment) experiments were
reviewed.•Elevated CO 2 decreased evapotranspiration of both C 3 and C 4 plants about …

Potential consequences of climate change on crop production can be studied using
mechanistic crop simulation models. While a broad variety of maize simulation models exist …

Changes in temperature, CO2, and precipitation under the scenarios of climate change for
the next 30 yr present a challenge to crop production. This review focuses on the impact of …

Free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments allow study of the effects of elevated [CO2] on
plants and ecosystems grown under natural conditions without enclosure. Data from 120 …

Plant responses to the projected future levels of CO2 were first characterized in short-term
experiments lasting days to weeks. However, longer term acclimation responses to elevated …

This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the
response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to elevated carbon dioxide …

▪ Abstract Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is now higher than it was at any time in
the past 26 million years and is expected to nearly double during this century. Terrestrial …

Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with
projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural …

Model projections suggest that although increased temperature and decreased soil moisture
will act to reduce global crop yields by 2050, the direct fertilization effect of rising carbon …