Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are insect pathogens that produce different Cry and Cyt toxins
to kill their hosts. Here we review the group of three-domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins. Expression …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are insect pathogens that rely on insecticidal pore
forming proteins known as Cry and Cyt toxins to kill their insect larval hosts. At least four …

Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal (Cry) and Cytolitic (Cyt) protein families are a diverse group of
proteins with activity against insects of different orders—Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera …

Three‐domain Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly
used in agriculture to replace chemical insecticides in pest control. Most chemical …

Parasporal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are the main virulence
factors underlying Bt toxicity to insects. Parasporal crystals are composed primarily of Cry …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins constitute the active ingredient in the most widely used
biological insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic crops. A clear understanding of their …

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline protein inclusions with insecticidal or nematocidal
properties. These crystal (Cry) proteins determine a particular strain's toxicity profile …

Since the first report by Ishiwata in 1902 of a Bombyx mori infection, followed by the
description by Berliner, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has become the main microorganism used …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-
associated gene Cas9 represent an invaluable system for the precise editing of genes in …

▪ Abstract Gram-positive spore-forming entomopathogenic bacteria can utilize a large variety
of protein toxins to help them invade, infect, and finally kill their hosts, through their action on …