Off-target effects of systemically administered drugs have been a major hurdle in designing
therapies with desired efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Develo** targeting strategies to …

Red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC membrane-derived nanoparticles have been historically
developed as bioinspired drug delivery systems to combat the issues of premature …

Cells have emerged as a promising new form of drug delivery carriers owing to their
distinguished advantages such as naturally bypassing immune recognition, intrinsic …

Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ideal drug carriers due to their remarkable
biocompatibility. Their delivery specificity can be achieved by the conjugation of targeting …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low‐grade inflammatory and progressive joint disease, and its
progression is closely associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 synovial macrophages …

Nanomaterials exhibit significant potential for stimulating immune responses, offering both
local and systemic modulation across a variety of diseases. The lymphoid organs, such as …

The main function of the immune system in health is to protect the host from infection by
microbes and parasites. Because immune responses to nonself bear the risk of unleashing …

Red blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking is a method of drug delivery that can increase drug
concentration in target organs by orders of magnitude. In RBC hitchhiking, drug-loaded …

Nowadays, nanodrugs become a hotspot in the high-end medical field. They have the ability
to deliver drugs to reach their destination more effectively due to their unique properties and …

Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes, are the most abundant type of blood cells.
Recently, RBCs have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems because of their …