The last 20 years witnessed a real paradigm shift concerning the impact of biotic factors on
ecosystem functions as well as on vegetation structure of mangrove forests. Before this small …

Many studies assume that all ant species collecting extrafloral nectar defend plants against
herbivores, although ant–plant interactions are facultative, generalized and have variable …

Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFN s) vary the secretion of nectar between day and
night, which creates turnover in the composition of interacting ant species. Daily variation in …

Camponotus sericeiventris is a polymorphic ant living in populous colonies at tropical forests
and cerrado formation. This study provides a detailed account of the natural history and …

Ants of the genus Oecophylla are predators of other insects and are able to protect a variety
of terrestrial plants against pest insects; however, observations on the ecology of these ants …

Banisteriopsis is considered one of the largest genera of Malpighiaceae with 58 species, of
which 47 occur in Brazil. The typical calyx and leaf glands of Banisteriopsis are considered …

Mangrove habitats are among the most productive ecosystems on the Earth. Their low
vegetational diversity belies a remarkable richness of associated species and trophic …

The description of secretory structures in Malvaceae is controversial, and results in
conflicting interpretations. Amid conflicting interpretations, therefore, the present study aims …

In ant–plant symbioses, the behavior of ant inhabitants affects the nature of the interaction,
ranging from mutualism to parasitism. Mutualistic species confer a benefit to the plant, while …

This paper reports on the extrafloral nectary (EFN) of Hibiscus pernambucensis, a native
shrub species occurring in mangrove and restinga along Brazil's coastline. EFNs occur as …