The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

Bacterial conjugation, also referred to as bacterial sex, is a major horizontal gene transfer
mechanism through which DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient bacterium by direct …

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge worldwide, whose implications for
global health might be devastating if novel antibacterial strategies are not quickly …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Biofilms are assemblages of microorganisms attached to each other, or to a surface, and
encased in a protective, self-produced matrix. Such associations are now recognized as the …

In bacterial communities, cells often communicate by the release and detection of small
diffusible molecules, a process termed quorum-sensing. Signal molecules are thought to …

Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against
environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human …

Bacteria are single-celled organisms, but the survival of microbial communities relies on
complex dynamics at the molecular, cellular, and ecosystem scales. Antibiotic resistance, in …

The cellular morphology and sub-cellular spatial structure critically influence the function of
microbial cells. Similarly, the spatial arrangement of genotypes and phenotypes in microbial …