Context The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, affecting more
than 2 billion people worldwide. Accurate and updated data on HBV prevalence is important …

Background The re-emerging dominance of the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2021 caused a
new wave of Afghan refugees heading Iran and neighboring countries. Iran in the Middle …

BACKGROUND: Mashhad, in the northeast of Iran has been suggested as an endemic area
for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection since 1996. OBJECTIVES: We …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped partial double-stranded DNA virus that can cause
acute and chronic hepatitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the …

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important health
problems worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is a major risk factor for …

Background Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people
worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and …

Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the
major public health problems worldwide, mostly in develo** countries. This systematic …

Background: The duration of protection following primary series vaccination against hepatitis
B is unknown in children and adolescents. It has been shown that the level of anti-hepatitis B …

Introduction: Iran, as one of the most concentrated destination of immigrants, has hosted
around three million Afghan refugees in the recent decades. Due to inappropriate …

Background Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important global health problem.
Knowledge of the geographic distribution pattern of HBV infection can help to control the …