Humans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude in several locations, and
recent genome-wide studies have indicated a genetic basis. In some populations, genetic …

Population genomic analyses of high-altitude humans and other vertebrates have identified
numerous candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation, and the physiological pathways …

Hypoxia occurs naturally at high-altitudes and pathologically in hypoxic solid tumors. Here,
we report that genes involved in various human cancers evolved rapidly in Tibetans and six …

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to
cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes to higher latitudes, higher …

To investigate the predictability of genetic adaptation, we examined the molecular basis of
convergence in hemoglobin function in comparisons involving 56 avian taxa that have …

Species of the Bos genus, including taurine cattle, zebu, gayal, gaur, banteng, yak, wisent
and bison, have been domesticated at least four times and have been an important source …

Phenotypic plasticity enables a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response
to environmental variation. Plasticity may play a critical role in the colonization of novel …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signalling lipid highly enriched in
mature erythrocytes, with unknown functions pertaining to erythrocyte physiology. Here by …

Evolutionary theory has been extended almost continually since the evolutionary synthesis
(ES), but except for the much greater importance afforded genetic drift, the principal tenets of …

Much like other indigenous domesticated animals, Tibetan chickens living at high altitudes
(2,200–4,100 m) show specific physiological adaptations to the extreme environmental …