Although the first ancient DNA molecules were extracted more than three decades ago, the
first ancient nuclear genomes could only be characterized after high-throughput sequencing …

Long runs of homozygosity (ROH) arise when identical haplotypes are inherited from each
parent and thus a long tract of genotypes is homozygous. Cousin marriage or inbreeding …

More than two hundred papers have reported genome-wide data from ancient humans.
While the raw data for the vast majority are fully publicly available testifying to the …

Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the extent
of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago 6, and …

The past few years have witnessed a revolution in our ability to obtain DNA from ancient
humans. This important new data has added to our knowledge from archaeology and …

The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track the long-term changes in both terrestrial and
aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field in paleoecological research. Although largely …

Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep
population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene …

Advances in the sequencing and the analysis of the genomes of both modern and ancient
peoples have facilitated a number of breakthroughs in our understanding of human …

INTRODUCTION According to the commonly accepted “steppe hypothesis,” the initial
spread of Indo-European (IE) languages into both Europe and Asia took place with …

Abstract The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural
changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the …