A plant growing in nature is not an individual, but it holds an intricate community of plants
and microbes with relatively stable partnerships. The microbial community has recently been …

Plant neurobiology is a newly focused field of plant biology research that aims to understand
how plants process the information they obtain from their environment to develop, prosper …

Genome sequencing has resulted in the identification of a large number of uncharacterized
genes with unknown functions. It is widely recognized that determination of the intracellular …

Abstract Intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX) antiporters have important roles in cellular pH and Na+,
K+ homeostasis. The six Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular NHX members are divided into …

Argonaute (AGO) proteins are critical components of RNA silencing pathways that bind
small RNAs and mediate gene silencing at their target sites. We found that Arabidopsis …

In eukaryotic cells, compartments of the highly dynamic endomembrane system are acidified
to varying degrees by the activity of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases). In the Arabidopsis …

Plant cell morphogenesis relies on the organization and function of two polymer arrays
separated by the plasma membrane: the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton and cellulose …

The trans-Golgi network (TGN) has been known as a key platform to sort and transport
proteins to their final destinations in post-Golgi membrane trafficking. However, how the TGN …

Plant membrane compartments and trafficking pathways are highly complex, and are often
distinct from those of animals and fungi. Progress has been made in defining trafficking in …

The waxy plant cuticle protects cells from dehydration, repels pathogen attack, and prevents
organ fusion during development. The transcription factor WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 …