Equilibrium climate sensitivity characterizes the Earth's long-term global temperature
response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …

Recent coordinated efforts, in which numerous climate models have been run for a common
set of experiments, have produced large datasets of projections of future climate for various …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Climate projections for the fourth assessment report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC) were based on scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions …

More than 100 countries have adopted a global warming limit of 2° C or below (relative to
pre-industrial levels) as a guiding principle for mitigation efforts to reduce climate change …

Recent coordinated efforts, in which numerous general circulation climate models have
been run for a common set of experiments, have produced large datasets of projections of …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

Over the past two decades, skeptics of the reality and significance of anthropogenic climate
change have frequently accused climate scientists of “alarmism”: of over-interpreting or …

Uncertainty in the predictions of science when applied to the environment is an issue of
great current relevance in relation to the impacts of climate change, protecting against …