Coastal zones are an essential part of maintaining sustainability in the world. Coastal
regions have gained importance due to various factors, including high ecological …

Coastlines are constantly threatened by erosion. Effective coastal defense structures with
the least environmental impacts are increasingly required. Submerged and emerged …

The transition to renewable energy can disproportionately impact the effectiveness of
climate change adaptation, due to regional heterogeneity. Many countries attempt to …

Urban sustainability is essential to address the challenges posed by population explosion,
excessive consumption, and environmental disasters. Controversial discussions between …

Natural resources play a pivotal role in the global economy, with numerous nations
leveraging their extraction, utilization, and exportation as primary drivers for economic …

In this study on dynamic, complex, and spatial decisionmaking situations, the geographic
information system (GIS) based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA) is used as a …

The north coast of Java is the center of economic activity in Indonesia. This area is dynamic
and sensitive to various geo-bio-physical aspects. Therefore, a vulnerability study in this …

Sea-level rise in response to climate change and global warming severely impacts coastal
cities through increased soil erosion and other hazards. Therefore, simulating threats in …

Absolute sea-level rise has become an important topic globally due to climate change. In
addition, relative sea-level rise due to the vertical land motion in coastal areas can have a …

In 2022, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide continued to rise (reaching 421
ppm), regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, due to the constant burning of fossil …