Adaptive immunity, orchestrated by B-cells and T-cells, plays a crucial role in protecting the
body from pathogenic invaders and can be used as tools to enhance the body's defense …

Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs
categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the …

Individuals infected with HIV-1 require lifelong antiretroviral therapy, because interruption of
treatment leads to rapid rebound viraemia. Here we report on a phase 1b clinical trial in …

The persistence of latent reservoir of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is currently
the major challenge in curing HIV infection. After HIV infects the human body, the latent HIV …

Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in individuals
infected with HIV-1. It has long been known that HIV-1 infection alters the course of M …

Chromosomal integration of genome-intact HIV-1 sequences into the host genome creates a
reservoir of virally infected cells that persists throughout life, necessitating indefinite …

Over the centuries, infectious diseases caused by viruses have seriously threatened human
health globally. Viruses are responsible not only for acute infections but also many chronic …

Since the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1985, PCR has played a
significant role in molecular diagnostics for genetic diseases, pathogens, oncogenes and …

HIV-1 has evolved mechanisms to evade host cell immune responses and persist for lifelong
infection. Latent cellular reservoirs are responsible for this persistence of HIV-1 despite the …

Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) produces a persistent latent infection.
Control of HIV-1 using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) comes at the cost of life …