Route memory is frequently assessed in virtual environments. These environments can be
presented in a fully controlled manner and are easy to use. Yet they lack the physical …

To better understand the role of landmarks on cognitive maps, a framework was designed in
which participants wore a virtual reality head-mounted display and traversed an unknown …

Sketch maps are one of the most commonly used instruments to study people's perception of
the environment. While previous research has focused on analyzing sketch maps with …

This experiment is aimed at understanding how egocentric experiences, allocentric
viewpoint-dependent representations, and allocentric viewpoint-independent …

In an age in which navigators can simply follow the represented route on their smartphone to
get to their desired destination, is there any need for signage and urban legibility? This study …

Currently there is no easy way to rate the ease of evacuation from a building in case of fire or
a shooter. Multiple tools, based on agent-based models, exist to simulate building …

This chapter examines the important role of space in communication. Design scholars have
long recognized the importance of context, but few have gone further than to acknowledge …

Investigating visual cognition is crucial, as it is essential for conscious viewing in urban
environments to achieve the intended response. This literature review explores methods for …

Wayfinding is a cognitive activity that is embedded in a complex social and spatial
environment. People use their cognitive ability to gather spatial information from their …

This thesis compares behaviour across three contrasting contexts: environmental space,
paper documents, and on-screen. The behaviours examined are defined as seeking-finding …