A number of recent or novel metaheuristic algorithms have been explored in the subject of
optimization; although now not all of these algorithms are as efficient as their creators claim …

Penetration of distributed generations (DGs) enable microgrid to operate in different mode
such as grid-connected and islanded mode with radial and mesh topology. The fault current …

This paper investigates the impact of Photovoltaic (PV) systems on the coordination between
overcurrent relays in a PV-dominated distribution feeder. The paper shows under what …

A recloser requires a fast operating time in the first shot to optimally clear a temporary fault.
The operating time is dependent on the time-dial, the pick-up settings, and the fault current …

This paper presents an optimal coordination of inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) in the presence of Wind Energy Farms (WEF). Firstly …

Radial distribution networks are normally protected against fault currents by fuses and
reclosers. This protection is coordinated in a way that reclosers clear temporary faults before …

The dynamic behavior of micro-grid imposes serious challenges to the design of the
protection system. The fault current magnitude and direction changes significantly with …

The conventional over-current protection schemes depend on current magnitude detection
are inefficient to protect microgrid consisting dispersed Distributed Generation (DG) and …

The environmental and economic features of renewable energy sources have made it
possible to be integrated as Distributed Generation (DG) units in distribution networks and to …

Overcurrent relays (OCRs) are one of the most common protective devices implemented in
power systems to protect electrical components from faults. In order to obtain much improved …