Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in
biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to …

Recently, environmental pollution has become a serious concern worldwide. In this modern
era, more Urbanization and Industrialization have led to the wide distribution of pollutants …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in water is a proven carcinogen to different internal
and external organs of the living organisms. There are different human activities …

Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal. It is
toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans. Chromium exists in environment in two …

Chromium has been widely used in various industries. Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a
priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical, whereas its reduced trivalent form …

Xenobiotic compounds are man-made compounds and widely used in dyes, drugs,
pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, explosives, and other industrial chemicals. These …

As a common heavy metal, chromium and its compounds are widely used in industrial
applications, eg, leather tanning, electroplating, and in stainless steel, paints and fertilizers …

Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in biological systems is an important cause of concern for
environmental health and safety. Arsenic is one of the most hazardous metalloid, deserves …

Arsenic contamination is turning out to be a major problem these days with its area coverage
and the number of people affected directly or indirectly. Now, the level of the contaminant …

Exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a major threat to human health. Millions
of people across the world are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water with …