Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco) toxicological assessments because they
offer ethical, cost‐effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in …

The arms race between hosts and pathogens (and other non-self) drives the molecular
diversification of immune response genes in the host. Over long periods of evolutionary time …

Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and
immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have …

Botryllus schlosseri, a cosmopolitan colonial ascidian reared in the laboratory for more than
50 years, reproduces both sexually and asexually and is used as a model organism for …

The scopes related to the interplay between stem cells and the immune system are broad
and range from the basic understanding of organism's physiology and ecology to …

Nearly all colonial marine invertebrates are capable of allorecognition—the ability to
distinguish between self and genetically distinct members of the same species. When two or …

In the present study, we carried out a detailed light microscopy investigation of the
cytochemical properties of the haemocytes of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri …

The vacuoles of morula cells (MC) of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri contain
phenoloxidase (PO). As the release of their vacuolar content at the border of incompatible …

Allorecognition has been well-studied in the context of vertebrate adaptive immunity and
recognition of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which is the central event of …

A morpho‐functional study of the colonial ascidian Botrylloides leachi haemocytes was
carried out to propose their classification, relationships and specializations. This …